Strength training in patients with fibromyalgia: a feasibility study / Entrenamiento de fuerza en pacientes con fibromialgia: un estudio de factibilidad / Treinamento de força em pacientes com fibromialgia: um estudo de viabilidade

ABSTRACT Introduction: Fibromyalgia syndrome (FM) is characterized by the presence of diffuse pain lasting for more than three months and is often associated with sleep disorders. Studies have investigated the effect of strength training (ST) on pain and sleep quality in FM patients, but there continue to be diverse perspectives on the effects of this intervention in this population. Objective: The aim of the study was to examine the effects of strength training (ST) on pain and sleep quality in FM patients. Methods: Forty-eight women with FM participated in the study between August and October, 2012. Six (55±6.5 years) performed ST, conducted at Santa Catarina State University, and eight (47±9 years) comprised the control group. The Socio-Demographic and Clinical Questionnaire, the visual analog scale (VAS) for pain, and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index were used. Data were collected before the first session and after the eight-week intervention and were analyzed using descriptive statistics and inferential tests. Results: The eight- week ST intervention decreased pain (p< 0.05) and significantly diminished the daytime sleep dysfunctions (p< 0.05), demonstrating that the proposed program contributes to improving patient quality of life. Conclusion: ST is a feasible treatment for patients with fibromyalgia. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic study.

RESUMEN Introducción: El síndrome de fibromialgia (FM) se caracteriza por la presencia de dolor difuso de más de tres meses de duración y suele asociarse a trastornos del sueño. Los estudios han investigado el efecto del entrenamiento de fuerza (ST) sobre el dolor y la calidad del sueño en pacientes con FM, pero todavía existen diversas perspectivas respecto a los efectos de esta intervención en esta población. Objetivos: El objetivo del estudio fue examinar los efectos del entrenamiento de fuerza sobre el dolor y la calidad del sueño de los pacientes con FM. Métodos: Cuarenta y ocho mujeres con FM participaron en el estudio entre agosto y octubre de 2012. Seis (55 ± 6,5 años) se sometieron a un entrenamiento de fuerza realizado en la Universidad del Estado de Santa Catarina, y ocho (47 ± 9 años) constituyeron el grupo de control. Se utilizó el Cuestionario sociodemográfico y Clínico, la escala visual analógica (EVA) para el dolor y el Índice de Calidad del Sueño de Pittsburgh. Los datos fueron recopilados antes de la primera sesión y después de la intervención de ocho semanas y se analizaron mediante estadísticas descriptivas y pruebas de inferencia. Resultados: La intervención de ocho semanas con ST disminuyó el dolor (p <0,05) y redujo significativamente los trastornos del sueño durante el día (p <0,05), lo que demuestra que el programa propuesto contribuye a mejorar la calidad de vida de los pacientes. Conclusión: El entrenamiento de fuerza es un tratamiento viable para pacientes con fibromialgia. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudios terapéuticos.

RESUMO Introdução: A síndrome da fibromialgia (FM) é caracterizada pela presença de dor difusa com duração de mais de três meses e, frequentemente, é associada a distúrbios do sono. Estudos investigaram o efeito do treinamento de força (ST) sobre a dor e a qualidade do sono dos pacientes com FM, mas ainda existem diversas perspectivas quanto aos efeitos da intervenção nessa população. Objetivos: O objetivo do estudo foi examinar os efeitos do treinamento de força (ST) sobre a dor e a qualidade do sono de pacientes com FM. Métodos: Quarenta e oito mulheres com FM participaram do estudo entre agosto e outubro de 2012. Seis (55 ± 6,5 anos) realizaram treinamento de força, conduzido na Universidade Estadual de Santa Catarina, e oito (47 ± 9 anos) constituíram o grupo controle. Foram empregados o Questionário Sociodemográfico e Clínico, a escala visual analógica (EVA) para dor e o Índice de Qualidade do Sono de Pittsburgh. Os dados foram coletados antes da primeira sessão e depois da intervenção de oito semanas e foram analisados por meio de estatística descritiva e testes inferenciais. Resultados: A intervenção de 8 semanas com ST diminuiu a dor (p < 0,05) e reduziu significativamente as disfunções diurnas do sono (p <0,05), demonstrando que o programa proposto contribui para melhorar a qualidade de vida dos pacientes. Conclusão: O ST é um tratamento viável para pacientes com fibromialgia. Nível de evidência II; Estudo terapêutico.

Correction: A Rehabilitation Program for Individuals With Chronic Low Back Pain: Protocol for a Randomized Clinical Trial.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.2196/31345.].

A Rehabilitation Program for Individuals With Chronic Low Back Pain: Protocol for a Randomized Clinical Trial.

BACKGROUND: Low back pain (LBP) is the leading cause of disability worldwide. Physical exercise, as a treatment, is beneficial for the improvement of quality of life in patients with LBP, and it is widely accepted. OBJECTIVE: We aimed to develop a protocol for a feasibility study that is designed to compare the effectiveness of different interventions in reducing pain, functional, and psychosocial factors among patients with chronic LBP after 8 weeks of randomization. METHODS: This is a study protocol for a randomized controlled trial that will consist of individuals with chronic LBP who are aged between 18 and 65 years. Participants will be allocated, through block randomization, to one of the following groups: the motor control exercises (MCEs), pain education, MCEs+pain education, and usual care groups. The primary outcome will be pain intensity, and the secondary outcomes will be the pressure pain threshold, which will be measured with a digital algometer; LBP-related disability; fears and beliefs; the fear of movement; quality of life; mood states; and levels of depression and anxiety. The trial was approved by the ethics committee for research involving human beings of the Federal University of Pelotas (reference number: 5.717.390) in September 2022, and it will be conducted until August 2023. RESULTS: The researchers are being trained to apply the questionnaires and carry out the interventions. Patient recruitment will begin at the end of 2022 and results are expected to be achieved by August 2023. CONCLUSIONS: Our trial will provide preliminary data regarding the feasibility and safety of MCEs and pain education for patients with LBP. It will also provide preliminary outcome data that can be used to identify the most efficient intervention and the level of health care that should be implemented in public health services. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Brazilian Registry of Clinical Trials U1111-1221-4106; https://ensaiosclinicos.gov.br/rg/RBR-2xx2r2/. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID): PRR1-10.2196/31345.

Twenty years of scientific production in sport and exercise psychology journals: A Bibliometric Analysis in Web of Science

The present study analyzed the last twenty years (2001 to 2020) of scientific production in sport and exercise psychology (SEP) journals indexed in Web of Science. Ten journals were selected. Psychology of sport and exercise was the journal with the highest number of articles per year (n = 82). USA was the most productive country (n = 1553). University of Birmingham (n = 195) was the institution most prolific, and Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada (n = 239)was the funding agency most present. Nikos Ntoumanis (n = 67) was the most prolific author. Physical activity (n = 326) was the keyword with most occurrences. Open access represents 27.24% of articles. We concluded that the majority of journals published in the English language and with no open access. Self-determination theory is a well consolidated theoretical framework in the last twenty years in SEP journals.(AU)

Effect of Mindfulness Training on Fatigue and Recovery in Elite Volleyball Athletes: A Randomized Controlled Follow-Up Study.

Volleyball is a team sport with high physical and perceptual-cognitive demand, hence, increasing the perception of physical and mental fatigue during a competition. To alleviate fatigue (physical and mental), mindfulness and music have been proposed. The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of mindfulness-based mental versus music training on mental fatigue, physical fatigue, and recovery in elite competitive female volleyball athletes using a randomized two-controlled study with follow-up. Participants were 30 elite female Brazilian volleyball athletes. Athletes were randomly assigned to the following groups: 1) mindfulness-based mental training group (MBMT); 2) music-based training group (MBT); or 3) control group (CG). Three variables were evaluated as follows: 1) recovery based on total quality recovery; 2) mental fatigue visual analog scale; and 3) physical fatigue visual analog scale. Regarding recovery, there was no difference between the MBMT, MBT, and CG groups (p > 0.05). A difference in mental fatigue was noted between MBT and CG at follow-up [F(2,26) = 5.71, p = 0.009; large]. Regarding physical fatigue, there was no difference between the MBMT, MBT, and CG groups (p > 0.05). The mindfulness intervention effectively attenuated the mental fatigue caused by competition in volleyball athletes. These results will assist coaches and staff in providing fatigue management and reinforce the applicability of mental training in sports.

Comparisons of Mood States Associated With Outcomes Achieved by Female and Male Athletes in High-Level Judo and Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu Championships: Psychological Factors Associated With the Probability of Success.

ABSTRACT: Brandt, R, Bevilacqua, GG, Crocetta, TB, Monteiro, CBdM, Guarnieri, R, Hobold, E, Flores, LJF, Miarka, B, and Andrade, A. Comparisons of mood states associated with outcomes achieved by female and male athletes in high-level judo and Brazilian jiu-jitsu championships: psychological factors associated with the probability of success. J Strength Cond Res 35(9): 2518-2524, 2019-Moods can be used to predict the performance of athletes in various sports; accordingly, we selected the Brunel Mood Scale (BRUMS) to evaluate mood states of high-level judo and Brazilian jiu-jitsu (BJJ) athletes. The aims of this study were (a) to compare the mood states of high-level female and male athletes in BJJ and judo championships in relation to their performance outcomes and (b) to verify associations between psychological factors and performance in estimating their probability of success. The subjects were 173 grappling athletes (judo, n = 85 and BJJ, n = 88), separated into male (n = 129, 40 winners and 89 nonwinners) and female (n = 44, 23 winners and 21 nonwinners) groups. Each subject's mood state was assessed 60 minutes before the first match using the BRUMS (tension, depression, anger, vigor, fatigue, and mental confusion dimensions). Descriptive and inferential statistics (including logistic regression and variance analysis) were used to evaluate relations between mood states and performance (i.e., winning/losing), with p ≤ 0.05. Analysis showed significant differences between male and female athletes in vigor and fatigue, and differences between male judo and male BJJ athletes in tension, vigor, confusion, and fatigue. Female judo and female BJJ athletes showed significant differences in depression and vigor. Logistic regression revealed that higher levels of anger and tension increased athletes' chances of performing well in a match by 23 and 13%, respectively. In addition, lower levels of depression increased athletes' chances of better performance by up to 32%. Overall, we observed a significant relationship between mood state and sports performance. Thus, coaching staff and athletes should monitor athletes' mood states before competitions to ensure that they are in optimal condition to perform and use psychological interventions to support judo and BJJ preparation.

Prevalence of poor sleep quality in athletes before competition.

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to investigate athletes sleep quality before competition and its relationship with age, gender, sport modality, competitive level, competition result, and practice time. METHODS: The sample was 1010 Brazilian athletes (656 men and 354 women; 511 young and 499 adults), with an age of 20 ± 7 years old. Participants answered the question 'How would you evaluate the quality of your sleep in the past few days?' Participants rated their sleep quality on a Likert-type scale as follows: 1 = very poor, 2 = poor, 3 = regular, 4 = good, 5 = excellent. RESULTS: Young athletes were 2.30 times more likely to experience poor sleep than adult athletes (p < 0.01; 95% Confidence Interval [CI] = 1.47-3.61). Individual athletes were 3.45 times more likely to present poor sleep compared to athletes of team sports (p = 0.00; 95% CI = 2.18-5.48). International athletes were 1.71 times more likely to present regular sleep compared to regional athletes (p = 0.01; 95% CI = 1.16-2.51). Conclusions: Thus, our study indicates that young, individual sports, and international athletes may be at higher risk of poor sleep quality before competitions.

Impact of Problematic Smartphone Use on Mental Health of Adolescent Students: Association with Mood, Symptoms of Depression, and Physical Activity.

Problematic smartphone use in adolescent students can impair their mental health and behavior, thereby affecting academic performance and interpersonal relationships as well as reducing time spent on physical activity. This study investigated the association between problematic smartphone use and mood, symptoms of depression, and level of physical activity in adolescent students. The sample consisted of 308 boys (46.1 percent, 16.04 ± 1.30 years) and 359 girls (53.9 percent, 15.54 ± 1.44 years), aged 13-18 years (15.77 ± 1.40 years). Four instruments were used: the Sociodemographic, School, and General Health Characteristics Questionnaire; Smartphone Addiction Scale (to measure problematic smartphone use); Brunel Mood Scale; and Beck Depression Inventory. The study found that physically inactive adolescent students were more likely to present with problematic smartphone use than those who were physically active, and girls were more likely to exhibit problematic smartphone use than boys. Adolescent students with problematic smartphone use presented with more mood disturbances and symptoms of depression than did adolescent students without problematic smartphone use. Overall, physical inactivity and problematic smartphone use can reduce vigor and increase symptoms of depression in adolescent students.

Effect of practice exergames on the mood states and self-esteem of elementary school boys and girls during physical education classes: A cluster-randomized controlled natural experiment.

Reduced physical exercise can impact children's mental health. Use of active electronic games can help promote psychological health. Physical education (PE class) uses different resources, methods, and contents to promote student health. We investigated the effect of exergames on the mood and self-esteem of children and compare it that of with traditional PE classes. From a sample of 213 children (7-11 years old), 140 from 10 classes of the fourth and fifth grades of elementary school (59 boys, 81 girls; mean age 9.41±0.48 years), allocated to an experimental group (EG; n = 68; five clusters) and a PE group (PE; n = 72; five clusters), participated in this experimental controlled study. The EG practiced exergames during three 40-minute classes, and the PE group held three routine curricular PE classes. Brunel's Mood Scale and Rosenberg's Self-Esteem Scale were applied. Repeated measures ANOVA identified differences between sexes and groups. The main results of the EG demonstrated reduced tension in girls (p <0.05; ES: 0.62; 95% CI: 0.17-1.05). Regarding sex comparisons, anger was lower in girls (F: 4.57; p <0.05; ES: 0.61; 95% CI: 0.11-1.11) in the EG. Vigor was higher in girls in the EG than in those in the PE group (F: 5.46; p <0.05; ES: 0.56; 95% CI: 0.12-1.01). The main results of the PE group indicated increased self-esteem in boys (p <0.05; ES: 0.58; 95% CI: 0.08-1.07) and reduction of girls' mental confusion (p <0.05; ES 0.58; 95% CI 0.15-1.06). Thus, exergames impact boys' and girls' self-esteem and mood, as well as traditional physical education classes. Further study on exergames in schools is essential, with long-term effects on physical and mental health. Exergames bring interesting, varied content, technology, and innovation that can increase the attractiveness of physical education.

The relationship between sleep quality and fibromyalgia symptoms.

This study investigated the relationship between sleep quality and fibromyalgia symptoms in 326 patients. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index was used to assess the presence of sleep disorders. Multivariate analysis of variance was performed to determine the influence of fibromyalgia symptoms on sleep quality. The prevalence of sleep disorders was 92.9 percent. Patients reported generalized pain (88.3%), memory failure (78.5%), moodiness (59%), excessive anxiety (77.5%), and concentration difficulties (69.1%). Patients with more symptoms reported poor sleep quality (p < .05; d = .74), and the total Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index score correlated with the number of symptoms (p < .01). Sleep quality has an important association with fibromyalgia symptoms.

Age of initiation, years of practice, and competition are related to junior ranking of youth elite tennis players / La edad de iniciación, los años de práctica y la competición están relacionados con la clasificación junior de jóvenes tenistas de elite / Idade de iniciação, anos de prática e competição estão relacionadas com a classificação no ranking de jovens tenistas de elite

OBJECTIVE: Investigate the relationship between the initiation age and practice time, in training and competition, and the ranking position of youth elite tennis players. METHOD: Participated 130 youth elite tennis players with a Brazilian ranking (102 boys and 28 girls) aged 13-18 years, selected in two international competitions. A Binary logistic regression was performed. RESULTS: The results showed that tennis players who started earlier have a 28% better chance of reaching the top 20 ranking, and that each additional year of training increases the chance of a tennis player to reach the top 20 by 1.43 times. Also, each year of experience in competitions increases the chance of tennis players to reach the top 20 ranking by 1.41 times, and that an earlier start each year in participating in competitions increases the chances of an athlete to reach the top 20 by 20%. CONCLUSION: The initiation age of training and the experience in competitions are important factors there are related to better ranking positions of youth elite tennis players

OBJETIVO: Investigar la relación entre la edad de iniciación y los anos de prática, en el entrenamiento y la competición, y la posición de clasificación de jóvenes tenistas de élite. MÉTODO: Participarán 130 jóvenes tenistas de elite con una clasificación en la Confederación Brasileña de Tenis (102 chicos y 28 chicas) de 13 a 18 años selecionados en dos competiciones internacionales. Se realizó una regresión logística binaria. RESULTADOS: Los resultados mostraran que los jugadores de tenis que empezaron antes tienen una probabilidad un 28% mayor de alcanzar el Top 20 y que cada año adicional de entrenamiento aumenta la probabilidad de que un tenista alcance el Top 20 en 1.43 veces. También cada año de experiencia en competiciones aumenta la probabilidad de que los jugadores alcancen el Top 20 en 1.41 veces, y que un comienzo más temprano al participar en competiciones aumenta las posibilidades de que un atleta alcance el Top 20 en 20%. CONCLUSIONES: La edad de iniciación de la formación y la experiencia en competiciones son inportante factores que se relacionan a mejores posiciones en la clasificación de jóvenes tenistas de la élite

OBJETIVO: Investigar a relação entre a idade de iniciação e os anos de prática, em treino e competição, e a posição no ranking de jovens tenistas de elite. MÉTODO: Participaram 130 jovens tenistas de elite com uma classificação na Confederação Brasileira de Tenis (102 meninos e 28 meninas) de 13 a 18 anos selecionados em duas competições internacionais. Foi realizada uma regressão logística binária. RESULTADOS: Os resultados mostraram que os tenistas que iniciaram mais cedo possuem uma probabilidade de 28% maior de alcançar o Top 20 e que cada ano adicional de treinamento aumenta a probabilidade de que um tenista alcance o Top 20 em 1.43 vezes. Além disso, cada ano de experiência em competições aumenta a probabilidade dos tenistas alcançarem o Top 20 em 1.41 vezes, e um início mais cedo em participações em competições aumenta a probabilidade de um atleta alcançar o Top 20 em 20%. CONCLUSÕES: A idade de início de treino e a experiência em competições são fatores importantes que estão relacionados com melhores posições no ranking de jovens tenistas de elite

Acute Effect of Exergames on Children's Mood States During Physical Education Classes.

Objective: We aimed to confirm whether the practice of exergames produces an effect on children's mood states during school physical education (PE) classes. Materials and Methods: The children were allocated to experimental group (EG) and control group (CG). The EG performed exergames during PE classes, and the CG attended regular school PE classes. The Brunel Mood Scale, which evaluates six mood dimensions (tension, mental confusion, anger, vigor, depression, and fatigue), was used to assess the children's moods before (pre) and immediately after the third lesson (acute effect). Results: The practice of exergames during PE classes produced an acute effect on children's moods. The results indicated that playing exergames helped to increase vigor (P < 0.01; effect size [ES]: 0.50; confidence interval [CI]: 0.16-0.84) and fatigue (P < 0.01; ES: 0.50; CI: 0.16-0.84). Conclusion: Three exergame sessions produced an acute effect and improved children's moods during school PE classes. More research is needed to evaluate the long-term effect of exergames on children and adolescents.

Sleep quality associated with mood in elite athletes.

Objectives: This study aimed to analyze the association between sleep quality and mood in elite athletes of different competitive levels. Methods: Participants were 1041 elite athletes (aged 20.82 ± 6.62 years), with 671 men (64.5%/21.52 ± 6.90 years) and 370 women (35.5%/19.55 ± 5.89 years) from 10 individual sports and 6 team sports. Participants self-reported sleep quality on a Likert-type scale and mood was measured with the Brunel Mood Scale (BRUMS). The data were analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis test, and binary logistic regression. Results: Results revealed that athletes who compete internationally are 84% more likely to have poor sleep quality than athletes who compete at a regional level. International athletes with good sleep quality showed greater vigor. National athletes with poor sleep quality showed more confusion, depression, and fatigue. Thus, mood and competitive level are factors associated with sleep quality. Confusion, fatigue, and tension impair sleep, and vigor reduces the likelihood of poor sleep. Conclusions: Sleep should be monitored, especially in international level athletes, in order to prevent sleep disorders during competitions. Coaches and athletes should use techniques and strategies for appropriate management of sleep and mood, to maintain the athletes in optimal condition before important competitions.

Estados de Humor e Resultado Esportivo de Uma Equipe ao Longo da Segunda Fase da Liga Nacional de Futsal / Mood States and Sports Results of a Team Throughout the Second Phase of the National Futsal League

RESUMO O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar o humor de atletas profissionais de futsal durante a segunda fase da Liga Futsal Brasileira 2012. A amostra foi composta por 15 atletas do sexo masculino e o instrumento utilizado para avaliação foi a Escala de Humor de Brunel. Os resultados mostram que houve diferenças significativas (p<0,05) dos estados de humor no dia anterior, pré-jogo e pós-jogo. A equipe apresentou estados de humor correspondente ao perfil iceberg em quase todos os momentos: vigor constante e elevado, com exceção do pós-jogo nas derrotas; e fadiga com índices baixos, que se apresentaram elevadas no pós-jogo. Conclui-se que os estados de humor podem intervir positivamente ou negativamente no desempenho esportivo da equipe.

ABSTRACT This study evaluated the moods states of professional futsal players during the second phase of the Brazilian Futsal League 2012. The sample was composed of 15 male athletes and the instrument used for evaluation was the Brunel Mood Scale. The results show that there were significant differences (p<0.05) in mood states on the previous day, pre-game and post-game. The team presented mood states corresponding to the iceberg profile in almost all times: constant and high vigor, except for the post-game defeats, and fatigue with low levels, which were elevated in the post-game. It was concluded that mood states can positively or negatively interfere with team sports performance.

Burnout in elite junior tennis players: a multiple case study / Burnout en jugadores de tenis junior de élite: Un estudio de caso múltiple / Burnout em tenistas juniores de elite: um estudo de caso múltiplo

This cross-sectional, descriptive study aimed to identify the prevalence and risk of burnout in Brazilian elite young tennis players, using a multiple-case approach. A total of 130 participants were recruited using a random, non-probabilistic method, based on participation in 2 international tournaments. The Athlete Burnout Questionnaire (ABQ) was used to measure burnout in the players. The results showed that 10% of the athletes (n = 13) had a moderate risk of burnout, 3.1% had a high risk, and 2.3% showed signs of burnout. Analysis of the categories of players with a high risk of burnout and those with signs of burnout showed that there were five categories: recurrent burnout, burnout in career transition, changes in burnout level, burnout related to high expectations, and burnout related to overtraining. The findings of the study reinforce recent models showing that athlete burnout is a complex phenomenon that can manifest in different ways, depending on the athlete's characteristics and life experiences in the sport

Este estudio tuvo como objetivo identificar la prevalencia de tenistas con alto riesgo de burnout y en una muestra representativa de jóvenes tenistas brasileños de elite y analizar estos jugadores a través de un enfoque multi-caso. Este estudio de multicasos se llevó a partir de una pesquisa descriptiva y transversal. Los participantes fueron reclutados de forma no probabilística y voluntaria en dos competiciones internacionales. Inicialmente, se analizaron 130 jugadores de tenis (78,5% varones). Para medir el burnout, se utilizó del Athlete Burnout Questionnaire (ABQ). Los resultados mostraron que 10% de jugadores de tenis están con riesgo moderado de burnout, 3.1% están con alto riesgo de burnout y 2,3% están con burnout. En el análisis fueron identificadas cinco categorías: Burnout recurrente, burnout en jugadores en la transición de la carrera, cambio en los niveles de burnout, burnout relacionado a un alto nivel de expectativas, burnout relacionado al overtraining. Estos resultados refuerzan los modelos más recientes de burnout em atletas que lo apuntan como un fenómeno complejo que puede manifestarse de diferentes maneras, dependiendo de las características del atleta y experiencias en el deporte

O objetivo deste estudo foi identicar a prevalência de tenistas com alto risco de burnout e em uma amostra representativa de tenistas infanto-juvenis brasileiros de elite e analisar esses tenistas por meio de uma abordagem multicaso. Este estudo multicaso foi realizado a partir de uma pesquisa descritiva e transversal. Os participantes foram seleccionados de forma não probabilística a esmo e por voluntariado em duas competições internacionais. Inicialmente, foram analisado 130 tenistas (78,5% do sexo masculino). Para mensurar o burnout, o Athlete Burnout Questionnaire (ABQ) foi utilizado. Os resultados mostraram que 10% dos tenistas apresentaram risco moderado de burnout, 3,1% apresentaram alto risco de burnout e 2,3% estavam com burnout. Após a análise dos tenistas com alto risco de burnout e com burnout foram identicadas cinco categorias de burnout: Burnout recorrente, burnout na transição de carreira, transição nos níveis de burnout, burnout relacionado a altas expectativas e burnout relacionado ao overtraining. Esses achados reforçam os modelos teóricos mais recentes do burnout em atletas, um fenômeno complexo que pode se manifestar de diferentes maneiras em função das características dos atletas e experiências vividas dentro do esporte

Body Weight and Mood State Modifications in Mixed Martial Arts: An Exploratory Pilot.

Brandt, R, Bevilacqua, GG, Coimbra, DR, Pombo, LC, Miarka, B, and Lane, AM. Body weight and mood state modifications in mixed martial arts: An exploratory pilot. J Strength Cond Res 32(9): 2548-2554, 2018-Mixed martial arts (MMA) fighters typically use rapid weight loss (RWL) as a strategy to make competition weight. The aim of the present study was to compare body weight and mood changes in professional male MMA athletes who used strategies to rapidly lose weight (n = 9) and with MMA athletes who did not (n = 3). Body mass and mood states of anger, confusion, depression, fatigue, tension, and vigor and total mood disturbance were assessed (a) 30 days before competition, (b) at the official weigh-in 1 day before competition, (c) 10 minutes before competition, and (d) 10 minutes postcompetition. Results indicated that RWL associated with reporting higher confusion and greater total mood disturbance at each assessment point. Rapid weight loss also associated with high anger at the official weigh-in. However, in performance, RWL did not have deleterious effects on performance. The RWL group also reported greater total mood disturbance at all assessment points with a moderate difference effect size. Research supports the notion that RWL associates with potentially dysfunctional mood states.

Perfil sociodemográfico, socioeconômico e esportivo de tenistas infantojuvenis brasileiros de elite / Socioeconomic, socio-demographic and sports profiles of brazilian elite junior tennis players / perfil sociodemográfico, socioeconómico y deportivo de tenistas infantojuveniles brasileños de élite

O estudo objetivou descrever o perfil sociodemográfico, socioeconômico e esportivo de tenistas infantojuvenis brasileiros competitivos de elite. Participaram 130 tenistas, sendo 102 homens e 28 mulheres. A maioria dos tenistas é natural das Regiões Sudeste e Sul e houve um predomínio de tenistas treinando nessas regiões. A maioria dos tenistas pertence à classe socioeconômica A. Em média, os tenistas iniciaram no tênis aos oito anos e o início em competições de tênis foi aos 11 anos. Os tempos médios de prática e de prática competitiva dos tenistas foram de sete e quatro anos, respectivamente. Já foram finalistas em competição internacional 16% dos atletas e aproximadamente a metade já disputou finais em competições internacionais e nacionais. Concluiu-se que os tenistas investigados são oriundos das classes econômicas mais altas. Além disso, os tenistas apresentaram grande volume de treino e tempo de prática

The study aimed to describe the sociodemographic, socioeconomic, and sports profiles of Brazilian competitive elite junior tennis players. A total of 130 athletes participated, being 102 males and 28 females. Most of them come from Brazil's Southeast and South and train in those regions. Most belong to the "A" socioeconomic class. On average, they began practicing tennis at the age of eight and started competing at the age of 11. Their average practice and competition times were seven and four years respectively. Some (16%) have been finalists in international competitions and nearly half have already played finals in national and international competitions. Those players were found to come from Brazil's highest economic classes. Moreover, they showed large amount of training and practice time

El estudio describe el perfil sociodemográfico, socioeconómico y deportivo de tenistas infantojuveniles de élite brasileños. Participaron 130 tenistas, siendo 102 hombres y 28 mujeres. La mayoría de los tenistas es natural de las regiones Sudeste y Sur y entrenan en esas regiones. La mayoría pertenece a la clase socioeconómica A. En promedio, comenzaron a practicar tenis a los ocho años y comenzaron a participar en competiciones a los 11 años. Los tiempos de práctica y de práctica competitiva fueron de siete y cuatro años en promedio, respectivamente. Han sido finalistas en competiciones internacionales 16% de los atletas y alrededor de la mitad ha disputado finales en competiciones nacionales e internacionales. Se concluye que los tenistas investigados son oriundos de las clases económicas más altas. Además, presentaron gran volumen de entrenamiento y tiempo de práctica

What Is the Effect of Strength Training on Pain and Sleep in Patients With Fibromyalgia?

OBJECTIVE: The study aimed to investigate the effect of an 8-wk structured strength training program on pain and sleep quality in patients with fibromyalgia. DESIGN: Fifty-two patients with fibromyalgia were evaluated; 31 submitted to strength training and 21 comprised the control group. The instruments used were the Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire and The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. The questionnaires were applied before the first training session, at 12 sessions, and after 24 sessions. Descriptive statistics (mean, SD, and frequency) and inferential tests were used. RESULTS: After 8 wks of intervention, significant differences were found between groups in subjective quality of sleep (P = 0.03), sleep disturbance (P = 0.02), daytime dysfunction (P = 0.04), and total sleep score (P < 0.01). The correlation analysis using Spearman's test indicated a positive relationship between the variables of pain intensity and sleep quality (P < 0.01); when pain intensity increased in patients with fibromyalgia, sleep quality worsened. CONCLUSIONS: Strength training is safe and effective in treating people with fibromyalgia, and a significant decrease in sleep disturbances occurs after 8 wks of intervention.

Perceived Sleep Quality, Mood States, and Their Relationship With Performance Among Brazilian Elite Athletes During a Competitive Period.

Brandt, R, Bevilacqua, GG, and Andrade, A. Perceived sleep quality, mood states, and their relationship with performance among Brazilian elite athletes during a competitive period. J Strength Cond Res 31(4): 1033-1039, 2017-We described the perceived sleep quality and mood states of elite athletes during a competitive period, and clarified their relationship to athletes' sport performance. Participants were 576 Brazilian elite athletes (404 men and 172 women) of individual and team sports. Mood states were evaluated using the Brunel Mood Scale, whereas perceived sleep quality was evaluated using a single question ("How would you evaluate the quality of your sleep in the last few days?"). Evaluations of mood state and sleep quality were performed up to 60 minutes before national and international sports competitions began. Descriptive and inferential statistics (including logistic regression) were used to evaluate the relationship of sleep quality and mood states with performance (i.e., winning or losing). Athletes typically had good sleep quality and mood states similar to the Iceberg profile (i.e., high vigor and low tension, depression, anger, fatigue, and mental confusion). The Wald test revealed that sleep, anger, tension, and vigor predicted athletes' performance. Specifically, poor sleep quality and low vigor and anger decreased the odds of winning, whereas higher tension increased these odds. The Hosmer-Lemeshow test indicated that the results were sufficiently generalizable. Overall, we observed a significant relationship between sleep and mood states, which in turn both significantly influenced athletes' sports performance. Thus, coaching staff and athletes should monitor athletes' sleep quality before competitions to ensure athletes are in the optimal condition for performance.

Sleep Quality, Mood and Performance: A Study of Elite Brazilian Volleyball Athletes.

This investigation analyzed the relationships between sleep quality, mood, and game results in the elite athletes participating in Brazilian volleyball competitions. Participants (n = 277 elite Brazilian volleyball athletes, 214 (77.3%) men and 63 (22.7%) women) completed the Brunel Mood Scale (BRUMS) and reported their subjective sleep perception. Athletes with poor sleep quality reported higher scores for confusion compared to athletes with good sleep quality (p < 0.01, d = 0.43). In addition, athletes who lost their game at the time of evaluation showed higher tension (p < 0.01, d = 0.49) and confusion (p < 0.01, d = 0.32) levels compared to athletes who won their game. A regression analysis demonstrated that for each point increase in the confusion level, there was a 19.7% reduction in sleep quality. Multivariate analysis of variance indicated that athletes who slept well, and won their games, had lower tension levels. Further, our results indicated that the athletes' mood associated with their success in the competitions. Therefore, in a competition, it is important that the athletes show good sleep quality, and use techniques and strategies to ease their mood variations.